Abrasive wear resistance of subfossil oak wood

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi abrazijsku otpornost uzoraka recentnog i subfosilnih uzoraka hrasta lužnjaka starosti 1840 godina i 5890 godina. Subfosilni uzorci izvađeni su na području Bosanske Posavine. S obzirom na anizotropnost strukture i svojstava drva, ispitivanje je provedeno na sva tri karakteristična presjeka (poprečnom, radijalnom i tangencijalnom). Ispitivanje je provedeno na uređaju taber abrader s rotirajućim diskom, s brusnim papirima različite finoće. Intenzitet abrazijskog trošenja stavljen je u korelaciju s veličinom abrazivnih čestica, sa starošću i gustoćom uzoraka. Pokazalo se da usmjerenost strukture, prosječna veličina abrazivnog zrna, gustoća i starost imaju veliki utjecaj na abrazijsku otpornost. Najveća otpornost na abraziju dobivena je kod svih uzoraka u poprečnom, a najmanja u tangencijalnom presjeku. Povećanjem veličine abrazivnog zrna, povećava se i intenzitet trošenja uzoraka do kritične veličine abrazivnog zrna, nakon čega dolazi do smanjenja intenziteta trošenja. Najveća otpornost na abrazijsko trošenje izmjerena je kod mlađeg subfosilnog hrasta koji ima i najveću gustoću, a najmanja kod starijeg subfosilnog hrasta koji ima i najmanju gustoću. Dugogodišnji boravak hrasta lužnjaka u riječnom mulju u anaerobnim uvjetima mijenja sastav i strukturu drva. Do određene starosti navedene promjene poboljšavaju abrazijsku otpornost i povisuju gustoću, a s produljenjem vremena dolazi do smanjenja tih svojstava.The aim of the research was to investigate the abrasive wear resistance of recent and subfossil samples of thepedunculate oak that were 1840 and 5890 years old. Subfossil samples were prepared from the subfossil oak trunk found in Bosnian Posavina region. Taking into consideration the anisotropic structure and characteristics of the wood, research was undertaken in all three orthogonal planes (transverse, radial and tangential cross sections). Tests were carried out using Taber abrasion machine with a rotating disc and with sandpapers of various grit sizes. The abrasion wear intensity was correlated with the grit size, as well as with the age and the density of the samples. It was found that the direction of the structure, grit size, density and age had a considerable influence on abrasion resistance. The highest wear resistance of all samples was obtained on the transverse, while the least in the tangential cross section. By increasing the grit size, the wear intensity in the sample also increased up to the critical size of the abrasive grain, followed by a reduction in the wear intensity. The highest wear resistance was observed for younger subfossil oaks that had the highest density, while the lowest wear resistance was observed for older subfossil oaks which had the lowest density. The many years that the peduncualte oaks spent in river sludge in anaerobic conditions changed the wood's composition and structure. Up to a certain age, the aforementioned changes improved the abrasion resistance and increased the density, but over an extended period of time these properties decreased

IMF and Countries in Transition

Međunarodni monetarni fond je jedna od globalnih financijskih organizacija koja svojim djelovanjem ima veoma velik utjecaj na svjetska ekonomska kretanja, koja bi prvenstveno imala za cilj pomagati onim zemljama koje dolaze u teškoće, a to su najčešće one nerazvijene, i manje nerazvijene, kao što su zemlje u tranziciji. Povijesne okolnosti su se u zadnjih petnaestak godina promijenile, naročito u slučaju zemalja u tranziciji, a i politika centara svjetskog novčarstva, koji preko MMF-a i WTO-a sve manje vode brigu o gospodarskom razvitku zemalja sa kojima surađuju, smanjenju nezaposlenosti, otklanjanju socijalnih razlika, povećanju izvoza tih zemlja, poboljšanju zdravstvenog standarda, školstva i sl., a sve više vodeći brigu da su te zemlje naoko stabilne i liberalne, da imaju takav ustroj daje ulazak stranog kapitala i stranih ulagača slobodan i sa što manje prepreka, i da su te zemlje sposobne uredno vraćati strane zajmove.International Monetary Fond (IMF) is one of the global financial organizations which has a great impact on the global economic movements, and which before all should have a goal to help those countries in difficulties, especially undeveloped and less developed countries, often those going through the process of transition. In the last fifteen years historical circumstances have been changed, especially in transitional countries, and the policy of the global transaction centers using IMF and WTO is dealing less with economic development of the countries they cooperate with, reducing unemployment and social differences, improving export and health standards, as well as educational standards, and more with the question are those countries stabile and liberal, do they have the structure which guarantee free entrance of foreign investments and investors with as little obstacles, and whether those countries are capable to pay off foreign loans

Otpornost na abrazijsko trošenje subfosilnog drva hrasta

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi abrazijsku otpornost uzoraka recentnog i subfosilnih uzoraka hrasta lužnjaka starosti 1840 godina i 5890 godina. Subfosilni uzorci izvađeni su na području Bosanske Posavine. S obzirom na anizotropnost strukture i svojstava drva, ispitivanje je provedeno na sva tri karakteristična presjeka (poprečnom, radijalnom i tangencijalnom). Ispitivanje je provedeno na uređaju taber abrader s rotirajućim diskom, s brusnim papirima različite finoće. Intenzitet abrazijskog trošenja stavljen je u korelaciju s veličinom abrazivnih čestica, sa starošću i gustoćom uzoraka. Pokazalo se da usmjerenost strukture, prosječna veličina abrazivnog zrna, gustoća i starost imaju veliki utjecaj na abrazijsku otpornost. Najveća otpornost na abraziju dobivena je kod svih uzoraka u poprečnom, a najmanja u tangencijalnom presjeku. Povećanjem veličine abrazivnog zrna, povećava se i intenzitet trošenja uzoraka do kritične veličine abrazivnog zrna, nakon čega dolazi do smanjenja intenziteta trošenja. Najveća otpornost na abrazijsko trošenje izmjerena je kod mlađeg subfosilnog hrasta koji ima i najveću gustoću, a najmanja kod starijeg subfosilnog hrasta koji ima i najmanju gustoću. Dugogodišnji boravak hrasta lužnjaka u riječnom mulju u anaerobnim uvjetima mijenja sastav i strukturu drva. Do određene starosti navedene promjene poboljšavaju abrazijsku otpornost i povisuju gustoću, a s produljenjem vremena dolazi do smanjenja tih svojstava

Prediction of the pre-accession process of a selected company based on the calculation of the Altman Z–score indicator and the BEX indicator

Vremena svjetske ekonomske recesije podignula su važnost financijske analize te pokazatelja bankrota i uspješnosti na višu razinu. Predviđanje budućeg poslovanja svakodnevni je zadatak menadžerskog tima i stručnjaka. Informacija je najveći kapital koji poduzeće može posjedovati kako bi moglo pravovremeno reagirati. Poslovanje Jadran tvornice čarapa d.d. uvelike je otežano svjetskom ekonomskom recesijom te mu je FINA 2017. godine, zbog nelikvidnosti i insolventnosti izdala Rješenje o otvaranju redovnog postupka predstečajne nagodbe. U ovome radu istraženo je pitanje primjene Altmanova Z-score pokazatelja i BEX pokazatelja te mogućnost predviđanja stečaja i pokretanja predstečajnog postupka. U izradi ovoga rada provedeno je sekundarno istraživanje u vidu proučavanja dostupne znanstvene i stručne literature, već prije provedenih istraživanja te njihovih usporedbi. Primarno istraživanje, na temelju financijskih izvještaja, sastoji se od izračuna Altmanov Z-score i BEX pokazatelja za šest godina poslovanja prije pokretanja predstečajne nagodbe. Obradom krucijalnih podataka iz financijskih izvještaja i izračunom pokazatelja dolazi se do informacija potrebnih za procjene, analize i donošenje poslovnih odluka. Temeljem provedenog istraživanja može se zaključiti da se mogao predvidjeti potencijalni stečaj poduzeća. Poduzeće treba obratiti veću pozornost na financijske pokazatelje i predviđanja te temeljem rezultata financijske analize donositi pravovremeno odluke u cilju izbjegavanja negativnog poslovanja.Today, in the times of the world economic recession, more and more importance is given to financial analysis, indicators of bankruptcy and excellence performance. The daily task of the management team and experts is the prediction of future results. The information represents the largest capital a company can own and consequently be able to react in time. The global economic recession has greatly hampered the company Jadran and it received a solution of a pre-accession settlement procedure from FINA in 2017. The Altman Z-score indicators could have predicted potential bankruptcy, there was a link between the Altman Z-score index and the initiation of the pre-accession process in the company. Also, the BEX indicator could have predicted the potential bankruptcy of the company, and there was a link between the BEX indicator and the initiation of the pre-accession process in the company Jadran. The secondary research was conducted in the form of a study of the available scientific and professional literature. The primary research, based on the financial statements, consisted of calculating Altman’s Z-score and BEX ratios for the six years before initiation of the pre-accession process. It can be concluded that the potential bankruptcy of the company could have been predicted. The company should have paid more attention to financial indicators and forecasts and made decisions based on financial analysis so it could avoid negative business results

Prediction of the pre-accession process of a selected company based on the calculation of the Altman Z–score indicator and the BEX indicator

Vremena svjetske ekonomske recesije podignula su važnost financijske analize te pokazatelja bankrota i uspješnosti na višu razinu. Predviđanje budućeg poslovanja svakodnevni je zadatak menadžerskog tima i stručnjaka. Informacija je najveći kapital koji poduzeće može posjedovati kako bi moglo pravovremeno reagirati. Poslovanje Jadran tvornice čarapa d.d. uvelike je otežano svjetskom ekonomskom recesijom te mu je FINA 2017. godine, zbog nelikvidnosti i insolventnosti izdala Rješenje o otvaranju redovnog postupka predstečajne nagodbe. U ovome radu istraženo je pitanje primjene Altmanova Z-score pokazatelja i BEX pokazatelja te mogućnost predviđanja stečaja i pokretanja predstečajnog postupka. U izradi ovoga rada provedeno je sekundarno istraživanje u vidu proučavanja dostupne znanstvene i stručne literature, već prije provedenih istraživanja te njihovih usporedbi. Primarno istraživanje, na temelju financijskih izvještaja, sastoji se od izračuna Altmanov Z-score i BEX pokazatelja za šest godina poslovanja prije pokretanja predstečajne nagodbe. Obradom krucijalnih podataka iz financijskih izvještaja i izračunom pokazatelja dolazi se do informacija potrebnih za procjene, analize i donošenje poslovnih odluka. Temeljem provedenog istraživanja može se zaključiti da se mogao predvidjeti potencijalni stečaj poduzeća. Poduzeće treba obratiti veću pozornost na financijske pokazatelje i predviđanja te temeljem rezultata financijske analize donositi pravovremeno odluke u cilju izbjegavanja negativnog poslovanja.Today, in the times of the world economic recession, more and more importance is given to financial analysis, indicators of bankruptcy and excellence performance. The daily task of the management team and experts is the prediction of future results. The information represents the largest capital a company can own and consequently be able to react in time. The global economic recession has greatly hampered the company Jadran and it received a solution of a pre-accession settlement procedure from FINA in 2017. The Altman Z-score indicators could have predicted potential bankruptcy, there was a link between the Altman Z-score index and the initiation of the pre-accession process in the company. Also, the BEX indicator could have predicted the potential bankruptcy of the company, and there was a link between the BEX indicator and the initiation of the pre-accession process in the company Jadran. The secondary research was conducted in the form of a study of the available scientific and professional literature. The primary research, based on the financial statements, consisted of calculating Altman’s Z-score and BEX ratios for the six years before initiation of the pre-accession process. It can be concluded that the potential bankruptcy of the company could have been predicted. The company should have paid more attention to financial indicators and forecasts and made decisions based on financial analysis so it could avoid negative business results

COMPLICATION AND PROGNOSIS OF JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS ASSOCIATED UVEITIS IN THE ERA OF MODERN IMMUNOMODULATORY TREATMENT

JIA is the most common rheumatic disease of childhood and JIA-U is its most frequent and most devastating extraarticular manifestation. This form of uveitis is usually asymptomatic, chronic anterior uveitis, often accompained with complications. JIA-U is the main cause of vision loss and even blidness in childhood. Thus, screening for JIA-U in all JIA patients and early treatment is of prime importance. Over the last 15-20 years, ever since IMT has been used, studies generally show trends toward decrease of JIA-U onset, complications frequency, improvement of prognosis and remission achievement. Despite evident improvements, over 20% JIA-U patients still develop complications in long-term follow-up. Moreover, about 50% JIA-U patients continue to have active uveitis in adulthood. Therefore, JIA-U is still associated with high risk of late sequelae and visual acuity loss, functionally and structurally eye damage and quality of life impairment

COMPLICATION AND PROGNOSIS OF JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS ASSOCIATED UVEITIS IN THE ERA OF MODERN IMMUNOMODULATORY TREATMENT

JIA is the most common rheumatic disease of childhood and JIA-U is its most frequent and most devastating extraarticular manifestation. This form of uveitis is usually asymptomatic, chronic anterior uveitis, often accompained with complications. JIA-U is the main cause of vision loss and even blidness in childhood. Thus, screening for JIA-U in all JIA patients and early treatment is of prime importance. Over the last 15-20 years, ever since IMT has been used, studies generally show trends toward decrease of JIA-U onset, complications frequency, improvement of prognosis and remission achievement. Despite evident improvements, over 20% JIA-U patients still develop complications in long-term follow-up. Moreover, about 50% JIA-U patients continue to have active uveitis in adulthood. Therefore, JIA-U is still associated with high risk of late sequelae and visual acuity loss, functionally and structurally eye damage and quality of life impairment

cumulative impact of anti-sea lice treatment (azamethiphos) on health status of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) in aquaculture

Despite its widespread use in aquaculture, the impact of chemical anti-sea lice treatment on salmonids following application in a commercial farm has not been previously reported. this work reports the cumulative effect of three consecutive anti-sea lice treatments using azamethiphos on the health status of aquaculture reared rainbow trout through the investigation of clinical chemistry, histopathology and proteome expression. the serum biomarkers showed decreasing trends in total protein, albumin and potassium concentrations and an average increase of total bilirubin and phosphate concentration towards the end of the treatment period. principal component analysis clearly distinguished correlated pairs of biomarkers and also demonstrates a shift from acute to chronic effects as treatment progresses. Proteomic analysis confirmed alterations of proteins involved in clot formation, immune reaction and free heme binding. tissue damage after the series of delousing treatments, exhibited increased deposits of hemosiderin. Results from this study suggest an impact of azamethiphos on trout health through intravascular haemolysis and consequently from pathophysiologic process of haemoglobin metabolism and its products, causing chronic kidney injury from iron deposits. This is the first report to demonstrate in fish the impact of active iron accumulation in different organs from physiological processes that can seriously impair normal function